This research investigates the historical, cultural, and socio-economic transformation of the Urhobo people of the Niger Delta, as detailed in three interconnected studies. Collectively, the articles explore the profound impact of oil exploration on Urhobo land, lifestyle, and identity. The first article underscores the rich cultural heritage and spiritual connection of the Urhobo people to their ancestral land, emphasizing traditional practices and environmental stewardship. The second article focuses on the historical context and implications of oil discovery, highlighting environmental degradation, socio-economic disparities, and the rise of resource control movements. The third article examines the transformative impact of oil exploration on Urhobo society, particularly its disruption of traditional livelihoods, family structures, and cultural identity. Together, these studies reveal a complex interplay between resource wealth, cultural resilience, and environmental challenges, advocating for sustainable development, equitable policies, and cultural preservation as pathways to a more inclusive and sustainable future for the Urhobo people.